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Author: Dr. George E. Gruen

Dr. George E. Gruen, an Associate of the Jerusalem Center for Public Affairs, is Adjunct Professor of International Affairs at Columbia University's Middle East Institute and a specialist in Turkish affairs.
Defining Limits on Religious Expression in Public Institutions: The Turkish Dilemma

Defining Limits on Religious Expression in Public Institutions: The Turkish Dilemma

October 30, 1999 | Dr. George E. Gruen
More than seven decades have passed since Mustafa Kemal abolished the Caliphate, disestablished Islam, banned the fez, strongly discouraged the veil, advocated European attire, introduced Western legal codes, changed the Turkish script from Arabic to a modified Latin alphabet, and proclaimed "laicism" (secularism) as one of the cardinal principles of the modern Turkish Republic.
Defining Limits on Religious Expression in Public Institutions: The Turkish Crisis over Headscarves

Defining Limits on Religious Expression in Public Institutions: The Turkish Crisis over Headscarves

February 1, 1999 | Dr. George E. Gruen
On June 10, 1998, Turkish police and Islamist students scuffled at Istanbul University after authorities refused to allow eleven women wearing Muslim headscarves to take final exams.
Turkish-Israeli Relations: Crisis or Continued Cooperation?

Turkish-Israeli Relations: Crisis or Continued Cooperation?

July 15, 1996 | Dr. George E. Gruen
Turkish-Israeli Relations: Crisis or Continued Cooperation?

Turkish-Israeli Relations: Crisis or Continued Cooperation?

July 15, 1996 | Dr. George E. Gruen
Turkey, Israel and the Peace Process

Turkey, Israel and the Peace Process

February 1, 1993 | Dr. George E. Gruen
The Other Refugees: Jews of the Arab World

The Other Refugees: Jews of the Arab World

June 1, 1988 | Dr. George E. Gruen